French (ROFR)

For students who have had no previous exposure to French. An introductory, first-year language sequence with equal focus on the four skills: speaking, listening, reading and writing. An appreciation for French culture is also encouraged through readings and discussions. This course is to be followed by ROFR 10102.

The second-semester course of the beginning French sequence. Focus is on a balanced approach to acquisition and appreciation of French language and culture. Students must have a Language Exam Score between 231 and 300 to enroll in this class.

This course introduces students to the vivid, sonorous language of Kreyol, or Creole, and to the fascinating culture of its speakers. This intensive, beginning-level course is intended for students with no knowledge of Creole. In small-group teaching sessions, students will be prepared for conversational fluency with basic reading and writing skills, emphasizing communicative competence as well as grammatical and phonetic techniques. Our study of Kreyol is closely linked to our anthropological exploration of how the language is tied to Caribbean society and culture. The course takes a holistic, anthropological approach to the history, political economy, and religion of Haiti. In addition to class work, audio recordings, music and video enhance the study of the Haitian language and culture.

Intensive Beginning French follows a hybrid format. The course is computer-enhanced and involves a combination of the traditional classroom and online instruction. Students will work independently to complete online assignments at home two days a week (Tuesday/Thursday) as well as participate in in-class sessions three days a week (Monday/Wednesday/Friday).

This course celebrates the vivid, sonorous language of Kreyòl and the histories, cultures and agencies of its speakers. Students in the class gain communicative competence in the language through development of basic conversational, reading and writing skills. Meanwhile, we engage a critical, anthropologically informed study of Haitian experiences of colonialism, revolution, development, education, race, gender, kinship, and transnational migration. Audio recordings, music, film, art, and food enhance our study of the language and culture. The class welcomes students who have some familiarity with Kreyòl, have taken Beginning I Creole Language and Culture, or have competence in French. The course is the second segment of a four-course sequence through the Intermediate II level.

ROFR 20201 course fulfills the language requirement. This is a third-semester second-year language sequence, with equal focus on oral and written production. It includes a review of basic grammar and then transitions into more difficult features of French. Students learn to discuss and write about French cultural topics, current events, and literary texts. This course is to be followed by ROFR 20202. Students must have a Language Exam Score between 301 and 350 to enroll in this class. Students who do not meet the prerequisites need to contact department DUS for approval.

A fourth-semester college language course. Includes review and expansion of basic grammatical structures, extensive practice in speaking and writing, and readings and discussions of a variety of literary and nonliterary text of appropriate difficulty. Students must have a Language Exam Score between 351 and 400 to enroll in this class.

This course is intended for students who have completed Beginning level Creole or who have attained equivalent competence in the language. In small-group teaching sessions, students will be prepared for conversational fluency with basic reading and writing skills, emphasizing communicative competence as well as grammatical and phonetic techniques. Our study of Kreyòl is closely linked to our exploration of how the language is tied to Caribbean society and culture. Evaluation of student achievement and proficiency will be conducted both informally and formally during and at the conclusion of the course. Those looking to develop or improve their language skills are welcome to the class. The program is designed to meet the needs of those who plan to conduct research in Haiti or in the Haitian diaspora, or who intend to work in a volunteer or professional capacity either in Haiti or with Haitians abroad.

A two-semester sequence of intensive, comprehensive training in the language skills necessary for residence and study in France. Includes review of grammar, readings, civilization, and specific orientation for international study. For students with two to three years of high school French (with satisfactory achievement) preparing for the Angers international study program. Students must have a Language Exam Score between 301 and 350 to enroll in this class.

This course is intended for students who have taken one semester of Intermediate Creole Language and Culture. In small-group teaching sessions, students will be prepared for conversational fluency with enhanced reading and writing skills, emphasizing communicative competence as well as grammatical variety and phonetic acumen. Our study of Kreyol is integrated with an exploration of how the language is tied to Haitian society, culture, economy and politics and history. Evaluation of student achievement and proficiency will be conducted both informally and formally during and at the conclusion of the course. Those looking to develop or improve their language skills are welcome to the class. The program is designed to meet the needs of those who plan to conduct research in Haiti or in the Haitian diaspora, or who intend to work in a volunteer or professional capacity either in Haiti or with Haitians abroad.

This course is designed to further develop students’ conversational skills and grasp of styles and registers in French. Through French and Francophone films, students will be exposed to contemporary spoken French, as well as current and historical events in the French-speaking world. Spoken French will be practiced through various types of classroom activities and assignments. Through general class discussions, small group conversations, voice recordings, and debates where students learn how to defend their opinion, there will be many opportunities for everyone to express themselves in French. Taught in French. Pre-req: ROFR 20202 or 20215 or a CEFR score between 401 and 500.

This course will focus on the practical use of French in an international professional environment. Emphasis will be placed on developing communicative skills and cultural knowledge necessary for the professional world. Students will review relevant structures and vocabulary needed to accomplish specific tasks and skills necessary in a broadly-defined formal professional setting.

Beret, baguette, Marcel Marceau, Edith Piaf are images and icons that one associates with the French identity. But what does it mean to be French? What does it mean to be Francophone? What is this French "je ne sais quoi" ?This course will focus on the multi-faceted question of French identity in France and in the Francophone world, but also in America. French is intrinsically linked to the history of America and its people, but how? Why is there such an important French presence in the US and what does it mean from an identity standpoint? This course is taught in English, but students counting it towards the French major or minor will complete a portion of the assignments in French.

This course, taught in French, is designed for students (and future professionals) interested in the medical field. Participants will develop and acquire skills as well as communication strategies through active, task-based learning activities and authentic situations, taken directly from professional scenarios in the healthcare sector.

This course explores journalism and media from French-speaking countries, deepening students’ understanding of cultural diversity within the Francophone world. Students will analyze media in different forms, such as online newspapers, videos, political cartoons, and social media. Each class unit will explore a current event in a French-speaking nation, examining how topics are presented across various media outlets. We will also gain insights into French and Francophone perspectives on global issues. The course will develop students’ French proficiency, as we build vocabulary to discuss journalism and current affairs. Students will increase reading and listening comprehension skills by analyzing media and will practice writing and speaking through reflections, presentations, and discussions. Taught in French.

“Let them eat cake” and “bon appétit” are common expressions used in English to either refer to Marie-Antoinette’s faux pas before the hungry revolutionary crowd asking for bread in front of the Versailles palace, or to traditionally tell somebody to enjoy their meal. More than mere food, French cuisine and dishes have become an art and an inspiration throughout the world. But how are food and cuisine at the core of French culture? How is food such a savoir-vivre for the French people? Brillat-Savarin said in the 18th century: “Tell me what you eat: I’ll tell you who you are.” How did/do French people eat? How did/does that define them? This course aims at better understanding the representations and the symbolic aspects of food and cuisine in French culture. Providing starters from the Middle-Ages, we will take our culinary discovery through the tasty 17th century to the spicy 18th century, adding a dash of table manners and theory in the 19th century, to modern diets and regimens, mixing a variety of formats and recipes. Taught in French.

This course focuses on diversity in contemporary France, paying special attention to questions of race, sex, and class, and the challenge of climbing the social ladder in various professions to gain notoriety and respect. We examine films, short stories, and essays in an examination of how traditional French culture is currently evolving thanks to multicultural influences.

Through a variety of activities (individual and in small groups) that include transcriptions, audio work, and listening practice, students will get to improve their pronunciation. Lab exercises will be conducted in DeBartolo Hall Language Lab. Students will assimilate the material of the target pronunciation (Standard French), through poem/fable readings and récitations. Students will be able to self-assess their progression through a corrective pronunciation using the short film (court-métrage) "14e arrondissement" from the film Paris je t’aime.

This course will give students a hands-on opportunity and experience to use their French language skills at Clay International Academy. Through this service learning, students will assist the main teacher with teaching French to young children. The goals of this course are: 1) provide students authentic learning opportunities to improve their speaking proficiency 2) provide a platform to use their language competence in a professional setting 3) give students valuable teaching experience. This service learning will thus shape student personal, academic and professional journeys.

From living with a host family to exploring a new city, your time abroad will bring you many opportunities and challenges. This pre-study abroad workshop will prepare you for study, residency, and travel in France. You will learn ways to understand and negotiate the challenges of a cultural and linguistic immersion experience. Throughout the class, faculty members and previous study abroad participants will introduce you to the remarkably rich history and culture of France. The workshop will also address practical questions, such as navigating French universities. These presentations will help you engage in your own academic and personal discovery while in France. The class is graded on a “Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory” basis, and no previous knowledge of French is required.

The French and Francophone Film Series will meet on Thursday nights in the Browning Cinema to watch a curated series of films sponsored by an Albertine Cinemathèque Festival grant from the FACE Foundation, followed by a discussion with guest speakers.

This French language course focuses on grammar, speaking, listening, reading, and writing. It is an encompassing French course designed to improve knowledge and understanding of how to utilize the French language.

Continued study of spoken and written French for students who would normally have had two or three years in high school and one year intensive at Notre Dame.

Continued study of spoken and written French for students with the lowest level of proficiency, as determined by previous courses, testing and observation. Continuation of ROFR 24101.

Study of spoken and written French for students at the B1.1 level of proficiency, as determined by previous courses, testing and observation. Coursework includes lessons on oral and written comprehension and expression.

This course focuses on developing intermediate-level proficiency in French, emphasizing the mastery of syntactical structures, oral and written comprehension, and effective communication. Instruction follows the descriptors of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) at the B1 level.

The diagnostic assessment classified the learner in this level. The learner therefore knows how to implement with more or less ease all the syntactic and lexical aspects of the level. To progress, gain autonomy and confidence, the learner undertakes to: - Share knowledge, strategies and experiences. - Adopt a posture that facilitates mediation. - Listen to and read the media regularly. - Immerse yourself in French culture and have regular contact with French speakers. - Be diligent. Evaluation and scoring - During the semester, the teacher will assess the progress made through evaluations. - An exam to check the achievements and the level will take place at the end of the semester. - Any unjustified absence from a test will result in a mark equivalent to 0 out of 20.

Small homogeneous group-intensive instruction and drill on various aspects of French language, mainly oral. Orientation and adaptation to life and study in France.

Emphasis will be placed on building listening comprehension skills through the recognition of signs of orality in a broad range of audio and video documents. Cultural texts will include interviews and news reports from radio and television, film clips, newspaper commentary and popular lyrics. For lower and intermediate students. Continuation of ROFR 24209.

Grammar course on subjunctive tense.

A comprehensive review of French grammar and syntax that completes the program of the language sequence.

Intermediate French (B2) is a French language course aimed at improving students' grammar, oral proficiency, listening comprehension, and presentation skills in the language. Assignments include research on French history and current events and presentations on those subjects. We also receive written comprehension exams.

This class will use a broad range of guided communicative activities (debates, role-playing, expository presentations) to help the student develop a more spontaneous and idiomatically correct form of self-expression.

Continuation of ROFR 24300 This class will use a broad range of guided communicative activities (debates, role-playing, expository presentations) to help the student develop a more spontaneous and idiomatically correct form of self-expression.

An intermediate course that enphasizes the recognition of the oral signs sustaining the discourse. Explanations through lectures and laboratory practice.

This course is an introduction to work on the stage. Students will discover individual and collective tools for acting. Coursework will also give students a common vocabulary to ask the essential questions about the work on the rest of their curriculum. Students will learn acting tools and put those tools into practice while working scenes of both the classic and modern repertoire.

This course, taught in french, covers the basics of keyboard use for music majors. Course work involves practicing given exercises to improve sight-reading, understanding and application of chords, and accompaniment.

The objective of the course is to improve oral and written skills in production and comprehension. Prerequisites: Having had the opportunity to study French for at least four semesters at university as well as in high school. Having acquired certain fundamentals to strengthen and complete. Teaching method: The course sessions favor the language in context (communication) by bringing the four skills into play, and make room for the cultural and civilizational aspect. In addition to the courses, students will carry out self-correcting training modules online by logging onto the Moodle platform. This work complements face-to-face courses as well as assessments and work at home.

This is a fifth-semester intermediate conversation and writing course. Students read and discuss news and media in French.

An advanced writing course in French, with special emphasis on acquiring the vocabulary and stylistic structures specific to various written forms of communication.

An advanced writing course in French, with special emphasis on acquiring the vocabulary and stylistic structures specific to various written forms of communication.

This three-credit Writing Skills course (at French level B1.22) focuses on strengthening written expression in French through regular practice with formal letters, personal narratives, summaries, and organized argumentative essays. Students develop clarity, structure, and revision skills through regular drafting and feedback, making it consistent with a writing-intensive curriculum.

Taught as "Français des affaires, 330-411" at host institution. An in-depth study of the language and culture of French business, this course will consider the structure of economic enterprises, their relations with clients and suppliers, their marketing strategies and instruments of communication. Taken in conjunction with ECON 34772/SOC 34552 this course prepares students for the Diplôme de Français des Affaires-1er degré of the Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie de Paris.

French language course for the B2 level, focusing upon oral and written comprehension and communication.

A cultural tour of the French provinces through a historical, artistic, and gastronomic approach. Readings at an intermediate level will help define the identity of each region, as well as their contribution to the national mosaic known as the hexagonal France of today. This course counts as a cognate towards a French major.

Intended for students with advanced language skills, this course focuses on the rhythms and structures of everyday life (work, school, politics, food, fashion, the media) and on patterns of behavior characteristic of the French.

- Hover over a panel of the defining works of French literature of the nineteenth century - Learn to work on the writer and his work. - Discover the features of literary movements of the century: romanticism, realism, symbolism and naturalism through the evolution of the thinking of reference writers and best hero. - To acquire an entire classical work and adaptations. - Linking literatures and artistic productions of the century. - Beginning Francophone literature in the context of the century.

Goals - Study a collection of fundamental French literary works of the 20th Century - Examine the connections between social events, the author at work, and the author's final work - Discover the characteristics of literary movements of the century: Symbolism, Surrealism, Existentialism, Absurdism, Nouveau Roman, The Golden Twenties, and The Roman Recherche - Study the original texts and their adaptations - Write in the style of 20th century writers - Understand the new literary influences and use them in creative writing - Be exposed to Francophone literatures in the context of the 20th century

Introduction to theoretical aspects of French phonetics with application to correction of student's spoken French.

Taught as "Traduction, 320" at host institution. Translation from novels, newspapers, and magazines to find French equivalents for English words and expressions. For lower and intermediate students.

Continuation of ROFR 24750. Translation from novels, newspapers and magazines to find French equivalents for English words and expressions.

Through hands-on discussions, writing activities, and presentations, all in French, students will learn the nuts and bolts of textual analysis and strategies for elaborating and supporting interpretations. They will also familiarize themselves with a wide range of literary and cultural works from French and Francophone cultures across the ages.

Creole is the quintessential language of migration. This elective explores the multidirectional interplay of Creole narrative expression and transnational migration. How do Creole texts imagine and influence the experiences of migration, long-distance belonging and immigrant settlement? How, in turn, does the changing experience of diaspora affect the evolution of the vernacular at home (lakay)? In what ways do Creole writers and performers express struggles with xenophobia and racism abroad and oppression and poverty in Haiti? We engage these questions through study of Creole fiction, poetry, theatre, story telling and music. Among the Creole works we explore are the novels and poetry of Maude Heurtelou, Felix Morriseau-Leroi, Baudelaire Pierre, Patrick Sylvain and Denizé Lauture, stories by Jean-Claude Martineau and Kiki Wainwright, musical lyrics of Emeline Michele, Beethova Obas, Ti Corn and Wyclef Jean and Rap Kreyòl groups like Barikad Crew. The class is intended for students who have completed Intermediate Creole II or have reached the equivalent level of competence in speaking, reading and writing the language.

This course, taught in French, is designed for students who wish to improve their writing skills, and for students who seek additional assistance with grammar. It is aimed at students who are already at the 30000 or 40000 level in French. We will study different methods and styles of writing in French and conduct writing workshops in class. Throughout the course, we will: -Review and reinforce your knowledge of grammar -Study different methods and styles of writing in French -Improve your reading comprehension and your spoken and written French This course is recommended for the minor, major, or supplementary major in French. Students are recommended to take Conversational French or another 20000-level elective before taking this course.

This course will examine the rich traditions of French folk, popular and liturgical music. Songs (secular and religious) and musical styles from the Medieval to the modern period will be considered in examples of specific songs as well as in songbooks from the 18th century to the present. Among the themes considered will be: the role of music and songs in the establishment of cultural identity and in the process of cultural transmission, the role of songs and music in various films and texts, the musical adaptation of poetic texts and the fitting of lyrics (secular and sacred) to classical or popular melodies. In this class, emphasis will be on pronunciation and articulation of song lyrics and in some cases on the development of harmonies on simple melodies. No musical experience or knowledge is necessary. French level 20202 or higher is required. Taught in French. Readings will include works of: Hémon, Makine, Baudelaire, Nerval, and others as well as several films.

From country pastor to cathedral villain, from merciful bishop to weaselly lecher, the image of the Roman Catholic priest in French culture is nothing if not versatile. But what purpose does that versatility serve? Is the image of the priest simply all things to all people as a matter of utility, an easy target - for good or for ill - that provides to authors, artists, or directors a shortcut to a good laugh or to a character that their audience will love to hate? This course will explore the image of the priest in France from the Middle Ages to the present day in its varied manifestations in literature, film, and art. We will examine what the broad spectrum of representations reveals about the state of the French Church at any given moment in history, about the theology of the priesthood, or about clericalism and anticlericalism in a political or social context. In a moment when the meaning of the priesthood in the Catholic Church and beyond continues to be contested, a study of the French context will yield a deeper understanding of the priest and his role as an embodiment of the Church and its authority. Taught in English, with course materials available both in English and the original French.

From the sans-culottes of the French Revolution to the gilets jaunes (2018-....) and beyond, this course will examine how the people of France have voiced their dissatisfaction with the status quo and with their leaders, and elicited lasting political and social changes. Drawing from historical sources, films, fiction, and art, we will track and analyze recurring themes, images, and representations of French unrest and resistance to societies of control from 1789 to the present. We will also consider how gender, race, class, and socio-economic status intersect with the desire to see change and hinder or make possible the ability to obtain it. We will investigate the legacies of and challenges to French republican values (valeurs républicaines) and the debates around universalism in order to question what it means to be French today. Taught in French.

The English philosopher, Thomas Hobbes, described life outside civilization as "nasty, brutish, and short." During the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and seventeenth century, life inside civilization was more or less the same. Laughter offered a comfort, a means of escape, or of critique. From the carnivalesque to satire, the comic tradition tells us much about the hopes, fears, and the mortally serious of all of these periods. In this course, students will discover the richness of the comic tradition and how it manifests itself in all its gravity. Taught in French.

We tend to think about marriage as uniting two persons who love each other — but how did love and marriage combine before “love marriages” were a thing? In this course, taught in French, you will read and learn about some of the masterpieces of French literature from before 1800 to answer this question. By analyzing and contextualizing some key literary works, you will learn how love and marriage were often viewed as incompatible; what it took to combine the two; how jealous husbands dealt with open relationships; how faking one’s death, cross-dressing, or hiding in a religious house might have been the best way to escape an unwanted marriage; and how people in love strove to get married to consecrate their union. By the end of the course, you will walk away with a strengthened sense of the French literary canon and you will be ready to take advanced French literature and culture courses. Students are encouraged though not required to have taken ROFR 30310 “Between the Lines” prior to or during this course. Students in their Senior year should consider taking courses at the 40000 level instead.

Reading of selections and complete works of outstanding French authors from major genres and periods. All majors are required to take this sequence, or equivalent advanced courses. Students are expected to have already taken 30310 or to take ROFR 30310 concurrently with the first survey taken.

The act or the art of lying always appears to be stigmatized. But why lie? What makes a person a liar or what exactly is an impostor? Are they the same? It is around these questions that this course revolves. Readings from the Odyssey to Dangerous Liaisons, as well as popular series like Pretty Little Liars and documentaries, will help us understand and define this human trait. Taught in French.

In this class, we will examine the French presidential election that will take place in April 2022. To better understand its stakes, we will study the French political system, the institutions of the Fifth Republic, and recent electoral history. We will also consider key questions that are currently debated in France: work and unemployment, environmental issues, French secularism, the future of social programs, education, immigration, and France's place in the European Union. Taught in French.

In this course, under the guidance and supervision of French Studies faculty and the University Archives, students will transcribe and translate (French to English) the letters sent and received by Father Edward Sorin between the years 1839-1893. These letters will become part of a digital exhibit on the history of the University of Notre Dame.

With a view to establishing a regular choral group and building a repertoire of hymns for the monthly French Masses, this one-credit class will focus on learning, practicing and rehearsing about 35 hymns from which the entrance, offertory, communion, and concluding musical pieces for the Mass will be drawn. Practice in pronunciation and articulation and developing harmonies on simple melodies will account for the greater portion of the classroom activities. Musical expertise, experience or ability is less important than a good level of French (20202 or higher) and a willingness to participate. Participation in the choir of the French Mass is encouraged though not obligatory for the enrolled students.

This one-credit course is dedicated to cultivating a rich appreciation of liturgical music and of the Holy Mass in the French and global francophone tradition. It will include two tracks. For students who have not already taken ROFR 33501 "Les Chants de Messe," the course is an introduction to the range of the French sacred music tradition. You will develop great confidence in your ability to read, recite, and sing in French and make time to refine your pronunciation and intonation in ways few other classes can afford. For students who have already taken "Les Chants de Messe" in a previous semester, the course will be dedicated to taking on greater leadership and responsibility towards the cultural treasure of French liturgical music. In consultation with the professor, students will propose and execute a capstone project. It may range from conducting the choir for one or more of the semesterly masses in the Basilica to composing and performing/recording an original work of French sacred music. Students enrolled in the course are not required to attend the four French masses of the semester to get full credit for participation.

This climate justice course aims to make students aware of the importance of climate litigation, and the legal revolution that it constitutes: more than 2,500 trials around the world. But also its capacity to infuse other disputes, that of environmental health and that of nature. Through a completely innovative alliance between civil society (non-governmental organizations but also local authorities) and the supreme courts of many countries (and all continents), national climate litigation with an international vocation is being developed. It is based both on international conventions and on major human rights texts, and is the creator of completely new concepts such as that of the rights of future generations.

A comprehensive review of French grammar and syntax that completes the program of the language sequence at the Advanced level.

The course "French Grammar Level 5" consists of the following program: Le conditionnel (formation and use) Expression of hypothesis Expression of opposition and concession Methods of evaluation: Two exams, each represents 50% of the grade

This course offers an introduction to film analysis and the history of French cinema. Students will study significant aesthetic movements, such as La Nouvelle Vague, cinematic genres, and the works of influential filmmakers.

Most advanced level of further study of spoken and written French, for students with the highest level of language proficiency.

Study of spoken and written French at the advanced level, for students with the highest level of language proficiency. Continuation of ROFR 34301.

The purpose of this class is to get more proficient in French using oral comprehension and writing assignments as well as learning more grammar techniques to use in French.

The aim of the Texts programme is to introduce students to textual analysis by critically engaging with a variety of key texts from different genres (prose fiction, poetry, theatre, cinema) in French and Francophone culture.

This course is the extension of "textual analysis" and is focused on the study of literature of the Romantic period. Two works are analyzed in the course: Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Voyage au bout de la nuit, folio edition. V. Hugo, Les Miserables, folio edition.

This course is designed for international students who are in the department of comparative literature and modern letters/languages. The work will be based solely on literary texts. The course will teach students how to write literary commentary and essays on literary topics according to the French academic university system. The work will be based on: literary texts, exam and competitive exam topics (high school diploma, CAPES, ENS, etc.). It will focus on guided learning of certain literary exercises from the French secondary and higher education curriculum. The goals of this course are for students to be able to distinguish between the literary exercises practiced in the French system, understand the expectations specific to each exercise, and practice certain exercises.

This course introduces the fundamentals of morphological and semantic analysis, starting with the lexical unit. It focuses on identifying and describing lexical units from semantic and formal viewpoints, including the analysis of the lexical unit itself and its components (semantic and morpheme analysis) as well as the sentence level. It also addresses the study of polysemy and its differentiation from homonymy, and finally, the description of semantic relationships between lexical units such as synonymy, antonymy, and hypernymy.

This course is designed to equip students with essential language, methodological, and writing skills critical for academic success. it aimes to enhance students' abilities in creating structured, well-argued texts, formulating research questions, and effectively presenting both orally and in writing. The course also focuses on linguistic proficiency, specifically in grammar.

Objectives: Advanced or experienced users can integrate into a French university structure independently by practicing various tasks (note-taking, structuring oral and written discourse in relation to their field of study, synthesizing information, etc.). Written comprehension: Identify the parts of a long document; understand and establish links between the ideas in a document. Identify the overall structure of a document. Oral comprehension: Distinguish between facts, comments, arguments, and examples in a document in order to be able to reformulate to report and explain the essential points. Written expression: Construct an articulated narrative in various communication contexts. Express and justify an opinion. Oral expression: Develop a continuous, coherent, and structured speech adapted to the communication situation. Speak in a way that can be understood. Express and justify an opinion.

Translation from novels, newspapers and magazines to find French equivalents for English words and expressions. Advanced students only

Translation from novels, newspapers and magazines to find French equivalents for English words and expressions. Advanced students only.

The course is based on collaborative learning, as it promotes the development of critical thinking through discussion, clarification of ideas, and evaluation of others' ideas, which is crucial for designing solid global marketing programs. The course is a mix of lectures and class discussions as well as group exercises and class presentations. Real-life examples and cases are used to illustrate international marketing concepts. Students will be paired, preferably with students of mixed nationalities, and will be required to complete two large group assignments, which will be graded. Each team will present its findings to the class. Global Marketing within the Firm - Initiation of Internationalization - Internationalization Theories - Global Marketing Research - The Political and Economic Environment - The Sociocultural Environment - The International Market Selection Process

The Business of Marketing, Champagne, and Luxury explores the cultural history of the Champagne market in France, with particular attention paid to the production and history behind the Reims region Champagne houses. This interactive course facilitates deeper cultural understanding of how the Champagne industry developed in France.

This introduction to the history of art aims to observe, describe, decipher, contextualize and analyze in depth four representations of the lion preserved at the Musee d'Orsay. These four representations in painting, sculpture and photography will be linked to many others. They will serve to familiarize oneself with a history of art at the crossroads of the human and social sciences, which draws on history, philosophy, literature, anthropology, psychology, economics or ecology. The preferred subject, the king of animals, invites us to think about a species which does not speak our language and which has its own world. Associated over the long term of history with power but also with governance and even human excess, it refers to a rich imagination which opens onto these key words: human non human, animal and animality, nature and artifice, menagerie and zoo, hunting, power and might. Our contemporary issues will inevitably be invoked because it is with our current mentality that we perceive the works of the past. However, we must strive to think of the past as a mysterious continent to be discovered, where the convictions of our time were far from being shared.

The university choir singing course focuses on teaching vocal techniques for group singing. Over the course of 18 hours each semester, students perform a variety of choral works, including classical pieces and world music. The course emphasizes memorization, as students sing without sheet music. Evaluations are based on active participation in rehearsals and performance in a final concert. Rehearsals provide an interactive learning space where students can receive feedback to improve their vocal technique and musical interpretation. Whether you're an experienced singer or a beginner, this choir singing course offers a stimulating musical experience to enhance your vocal skills and understanding of choral music. Taught in French.

The course of fundamentals of the History of art III proposes to study the production Italian artistic between the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, from thematic approaches and plural methodological methods that aim to observe the emergence of new discourses and interactions between major Italian centers (Florence, Rome, Venice). Questions of imitation of nature, reception of antiquity, techniques, relationship to the sponsors, will be explored through different artistic mediums (architecture, painting, sculpture, engraving) with particular attention to the context of creation of origin, both artistic and socio-political. At a time when art history is thought of essentially in terms of trade, this privileged relationship with Italy is obviously envisaged on a European scale with an opening on the Italian tropism which dominates the French Renaissance but also because of a common cultural heritage where ancient and medieval legacies. This course is taught in French.

This is the advanced version of the Intermediate French course offered through this program. It is on the same timeline but covers more advanced topics for students who have more French experience.

The course will show how religion has changed in the Western world over the past few decades, particularly under the pressure of population exchanges (migratory movements), social developments, philosophical and theological reflections. The course will include three entries: - The religion of individuals: the recompositions of belief have profoundly modified the forms of religious adherence, leaving room for a double process of deinstitutionalization and subjectivation of belief. - The religion of institutions: secularization and pluralization have led to internal changes in the religious world, in the field of territorial arrangements (reorganization of parishes for example), decision-making (synods) or doctrinal. - State religion: . What are the relations between theology and politics today? . How have the regimes of public regulation of belief (regimes of secularism) been recomposed? An analytical and historical presentation of the specific characteristics of each religion will be given, whenever necessary, at the different stages of this journey.

This course addresses a wide range of musical practices during the middle ages and the renaissance (12th-16th centuries) along with their transmission and cultural and historical contexts. Each historical chapter is completed with a meeting of the analysis class during which the musical language is shown via one or several characteristic compositions. The course focuses on the history of music in France during this period.

The course on "the news" is made up of 22 hours of class meant to give students a better understanding of the news and French media, particularly the written press (newspapers). Proposed activities will include the following: -Look at events from the week through photos -Deepen the understanding of a topic by reading a French newspaper -Analyze the first page of the daily French papers With these three daily activities students will develop French skills: the first will work on their oral expression, the second their written comprehension and reformulation of ideas, and the third to work with the language by looking at the front page titles. -Listen to pieces of television news broadcasts or radio broadcasts

In this course, we will be looking at several contemporary French Issues through the eyes of the French Media. Issues include the French Economy, the Yellow Vest Protests, and the French political system

This workshop is for C1 advanced level C1 students and aims to allow them to reflect on cultural, linguistic and lexical differences through a comparative approach of different French media.

Hybrid political history, political law, political science: from our institutional heritage, how is the political life organized in France in 2019 after an unprecedented upheaval, how are articulated constitutional text and institutional practice, new and old political world? Representative democracy is questioned, referendum democracy points. The rules of the electoral competition are changing, but the presidential imperium remains or even strengthens. In this environment, how is a majority organized, an opposition to Parliament? Why revise the Constitution, why some failures, why question our institutions again? Three applications will make it possible to evoke the course of the law (the reform of the cumulation of mandates), the evaluation of the law (the Benalla affair) and ethics in politics (the laws of 11 October 2013 and 15 September 2017 ). Finally, the functioning of the parliamentary debate will be apprehended by a role play on a current legislative topic. In addition, a political or parliamentary news item will be made as needed.

Its place in the biblical narrative and in the Creed, as well as its assumption in the liturgy, make "creation" a fundamental theme that invites man to profess God as creator. Enlightened by the paschal mystery of the new Adam whose universe the Spirit renews to the glory of the Father, the course unfolds the vast fields of the relationship between God and the world. Based on a broad and precise biblical theology, the course reflects the relevance and balances offered by the title of creator to speak of God. From then on, the course can address the magisterial contents which are clarified in the context of answers to heretics and then in controversies even in questions raised by the contemporary area. Attentive to the balance between creation and salvation, between Providence and autonomy, the course offers elements to think faithfully about the teaching of the Church the mystery of covenant questions of the status of matter an adjusted anthropology, the conditions of a right relationship between science and faith, points of attention to address the ecological question.

In close connection with the courses in the history of "romantic" music, this course in analysis proposes to introduce students to the most characteristic musical elements of this era. Through extracts from representative works, the inclusion of the works in the context of the time as well as the various approaches and means implemented by the main composers are discussed. We listen to and analyse quintessential works of Romantic music.

Study of spoken and written French at the advanced level, for students with the highest level of language proficiency. A 15 page term paper is required.

The objective of this workshop is to introduce students to public and scientific debates around the colonial past and gender studies, methods of investigation and writing of contemporary history, from three areas of research: historical approaches to the colonial past, the use of gender studies and the new history of colonial wars. Each research theme will be the subject of 4 two-hour sessions. Each theme will be organized in three stages: introduction to the field of research (first session), discussions and presentations around reading sheets and reports of scientific articles (second session), confrontation with the archives (last two sessions).

This course includes the following objectives: -View the status of women through literary movements: Romanticism, Realism, Naturalism and Symbolism. -Close reading of whole works: 2 novels, 1 collection of poems, and 1 short story -Excerpts of additional works -Comprehension of the specificities of the female character / hero -Discovering the writings of 19th century female writers -Introduction to re/writes and methodology of the commentary -Analysis of literary texts and their characteristics -Presentation of a research paper or report -Influence of the 19th century literary movements on the female francophone writers

This course focuses on Literature of the 20th Century Francophone World and aims to achieve the following goals: Study two literary works in depth; Read excerpts from additional literary works; Understand the characters' introspection; Master the main literary movements; Be exposed to re; writings and movie adaptations of the works; Master the comparative method of commentary or essay writing and literary analysis; Give a presentation tied to the themes of the course; and Integrate a participative activity.

This course analyzes the articulation between gender and class. In addition to the growing importance of issues related to gender and class in our contemporary societies, this course aims to open up new perspectives through the joint study of these social relationships. By focusing on men and women from different social groups, in various social spheres (family, work, politics), the sessions question the apparent evidence of social categories (men, women, upper classes, popular classes). The course is based on the reading of theoretical and empirical texts and will be attentive to historical developments and national variations of the social relations studied.

This course offers a complete overview of the history of French literature from the Enlightenment to the twentieth century, which highlights both the intellectual links between these different periods and our contemporary world, and their specificities. As in the first semester, students are expected to prepare for each session by using the course video clips and reading the texts collected in the brochure. Similarly, personal work on writing files on authors and literary currents, as well as reading works of literary history, is expected.

It is often difficult to talk about the topic of domestic and sexual violence and the consequences that occur with such serious crimes. Each case is unique in its own way, and justice is demanded to restore the balances that have been broken and condemned, if the offense is constituted with respect to the fundamental principles of law (principle of adversarial proceedings, presumption of innocence, and right to a fair trial). Therefore, this seminar, after identifying the constitutional elements of these different offenses punishable by the Penal Code, will focus on their treatment through the application of law. This class will highly engage in debate as we go through the different issues and offenses and how the law is applied in different circumstances.

This class examines elections and voting behavior within the French context, analyzing how citizens vote and act. Using French elections as a primary case study, this class introduces main theories regarding methodology.

This course explores how images create meaning beyond mere imitation, engaging with communication strategies. It examines visual representation and meaning through semiotic analysis, addressing advertising, cultural communication, and iconic news imagery.

This course examines how warfare transformed across the twentieth century, with a particular focus on the growing involvement of civilian populations, both as participants and as targets. Rather than a traditional battle history course, it approaches war through a wide range of sources, especially written documents and visual material, to understand conflict from the inside and from perspectives often overlooked in standard curricula. Students analyze war through themes such as the technical evolution of weaponry, the medical reality of war injuries, and the everyday experience of societies living through conflict. The course follows a three-part chronological structure: conflicts up to 1945, the period from 1945 to 1991, and wars since 1991. Case studies include World War I and the home front, the Spanish Civil War, World War II as a war against civilians, decolonization conflicts, Vietnam, Afghanistan, the Gulf War, the wars in the former Yugoslavia, and post Cold War conflicts including in sub-Saharan Africa. The course also emphasizes discussion and student-led presentations as part of the learning process.

Our history is crossed by civil resistance/civil disobedience movements whose characteristics, struggles, tools and weapons are developed, transmitted, and reinvented over time. This notion is at the heart of current events, witnessing movements of citizen protest, social opposition, Marches (for the climate) and other actions of disobedience. From Thoreau to Gandhi, from Martin Luther King to the Extinction Rebellion movement, from Radio Londres (1940-1944) to the fight for the defense of Larzac (1971-1981), from the English suffragettes to the Arab Spring, from the Folles de la Place de Mayo to Occupy Wall Street, from the Otpor movement in Serbia to Joshua Wong in Hong Kong, how are these specific movements born and nourished? How do the media play a role in the development or resonance of these actions, from the press of yesteryear to modern media? Analysis, story and deciphering of what we call 'civil resistance/civil disobedience' and the forms taken today, in democratic countries and in authoritarian countries, in the light of history, between yesterday and today.

This C1+ seminar focus on the topics concerning the connection between the gastronomy and politics, focuses primarily on case studies of France. The goal is to improve the speaking, listening comprehension, writing and reading comprehension.

Based on films and documentaries, this teaching returns to the question of the political role of history by focusing in particular on contexts that have generated traumatic collective and individual experiences. From a multidisciplinary approach - history, sociology, political science, socio-psychology, etc. -, this course will focus on the Holocaust, the period of occupation in France, the Algerian War, Videla's Argentina, the genocide of the Tutsis in Rwanda, etc. The course thus proposes to address issues related to memory issues and the history of the present time.

This course explores the political and ideological dimensions of Hollywood cinema, examining how its industrial structure, genre system, and star culture have shaped representations of American values, power, and the American Dream from the 1920s to today.

The course concentrates on the ways contemporary "French" cultures are reconsidered and redefined by writers and artists from outside France. The course materials include novels by immigrants and second-generation immigrants, critical articles and book chapters by contemporary scholars and politicians, as well as films. We seek to closely "read" the city not only in textual form, but also in its current reconfigurations, as we take to the street and other public spaces to observe the present aspect of the city for ourselves. Dialogue with Parisians we meet, in addition to exchanges with invited speakers, are intended to contribute to a well-rounded experience that allows students to benefit from the opportunities for interaction that Paris affords. Taught in English.

In this course, taught in French, you will examine how love and gender were debated in French and Occitan literatures from before 1500. Debates appear everywhere and they often convey the idea that arguing is intellectually, socially, and emotionally beneficial to those involved. So in this class, we will ask ourselves: How might arguing be good for you? Through the lens of debates on love and gender, we will survey some of the most important works of medieval French literature and unpack a range of thought-provoking texts. Questions that we will examine include: What does a woman know that a man doesn’t? Is it better for a man to be faithful while being cheated on or should he be promiscuous? What are the limits of mansplaining? Can a man convince a woman to love him through reasoning? Is the best type of man brave or wise, pushy or patient, braggy or humble? What are the terms of an open relationship? Where does happiness fit in with love and marriage?

This advanced undergraduate seminar examines the fluid boundaries between humans and non-human animals in medieval French and Occitan literatures. Combining literary texts and manuscripts with modern scholarship and theoretical thinking, we will explore how medieval people thought about animals and placed themselves in relation to them through texts and books. Sources will range from lyrics, bestiaries, and encyclopedic treatises to romances and fables in text and manuscript, and the course includes an optional, free trip to the Newberry Library in Chicago, where we will examine relevant medieval manuscripts and rare prints. The course is taught in French, with readings in modern French or modern English translation.

This course will explore how the reign of Henry VIII has been viewed in the imaginary landscapes of early modern literature (16th-17th centuries) originally written in English, French, and Italian. We will examine poems, plays, short stories, and other narrations as literary constructs that recreate the geographically and/or temporally distant space of England in the Henrician era. All foreign texts discussed as a class will be read in English translation, but will be made available in the original language for students wishing to sharpen their foreign language skills. Students with proficiency in Italian, French or Spanish will also have an opportunity to develop their expertise through personalized assignments and the final project. In addition to our key primary sources, we will read a number of critical analyses of these works. Special attention will be given to writing and research skills. We will also consider one modern film, A Man for All Seasons, to provide some contrast to these early modern written texts. Furthermore, we will also consider material culture, print culture, art (paintings, sculpture, and tapestries), architecture, music, and religion as a complement to the study of literary texts. The College of Arts and Letters and the Nanovic Institute are highly subsidizing an optional fall break trip for students enrolled in this course (more information provided later). The trip would include visits to the National Gallery, Hampton Court Palace, the Tower of London, Hever Castle (Anne Boleyn's childhood home), Westminster Abbey, Windsor Castle, and relevant walking tours of London, to provide greater context to the class and to enrich the final project. IMPORTANT: Students enrolled under ROFR for the French major will be required to write one paper and do some readings in French.

This course will constitute an in-depth examination of the French lyric tradition primarily during, but not limited to, the sixteenth century. Students will begin by exploring the Italian origins of the French tradition before tracing its development through the Rhetoriqueurs, the Ecole lyonnaise, the Pleiade, and beyond. Through a close analysis of primary literary texts and through exposure to some salient works of secondary literature, students will not only engage the poetry but also broader questions about imitation, originality, and meaning during a dynamic but somewhat unstable period of literary production. Taught in French.

This seminar constitutes quite simply an introduction to seventeenth-century French theater. Considered the golden age for the genre in France, with the ‘Big Three’ playwrights Molière, Corneille, and Racine, this period produced the greatest tragedies and comedies in the French tradition. We will ride the highs of the tragic heroes, descend with them into the depths of their lows, and then learn to laugh at these ups and downs with our study of some of the most famous comedies in Western literature. While we will primarily approach these plays as literature––for the text is usually the star––we will also explore their embodiment as a living, breathing work of art. Taught in French.

From country pastor to cathedral villain, from merciful bishop to weaselly lecher, the image of the Roman Catholic priest in French culture is nothing if not versatile. But what purpose does that versatility serve? Is the image of the priest simply all things to all people as a matter of utility, an easy target - for good or for ill - that provides to authors, artists, or directors a shortcut to a good laugh or to a character that their audience will love to hate? This course will explore the image of the priest in France from the Middle Ages to the present day in its varied manifestations in literature, film, and art. We will examine what the broad spectrum of representations reveals about the state of the French Church at any given moment in history, about the theology of the priesthood, or about clericalism and anticlericalism in a political or social context. In a moment when the meaning of the priesthood in the Catholic Church and beyond continues to be contested, a study of the French context will yield a deeper understanding of the priest and his role as an embodiment of the Church and its authority. Taught in English, with course materials available both in English and the original French.

This course will examine the period of the Second World War known as the Vichy regime (1940-1944). We will explore France's complex history through sources of the period as well as through representations of the Vichy regime in contemporary cultural productions; course materials will be drawn from primary sources such as testimonies, novels, memoires, newspapers, documentaries, paintings, German and Vichy propaganda. The course will address the myth of "la France résistante" (a resisting France); the relationship of France to its empire in the colonies (de Gaulle and the Free French Forces); anti-Jewish legislation and the deportation of Jews; as well as the memory of the period from amnesia and negationism to the "devoir de mémoire" (the duty to remember). We will conclude the course by exploring the contemporary legacies of such figures as the Général de Gaulle and the Maréchal Pétain in French politics. Taught in French.

This course will focus on the development of the genre of short narrative during the nineteenth century in France. Representative works of Balzac, Nerval, Barbey d'Aurevilly, Flaubert, Gautier, Mérimée, Maupassant, Nodier and Villiers de l'Isle Adam will be considered. We will examine distinctive features of the various aesthetics of Romanticism, Realism and Symbolism as well as generic considerations relating to the <i>conte fantastique</i>.

What does it mean to be responsible for one's own time? In France, this question has carried particular weight since the French Revolution broke with the monarchy and social hierarchy of the Ancien Régime. If modernity begins with the conviction that one can — indeed should — seize the present in order to shape the future, the Revolution further opened a gap between past and future, forcing an entire society to reckon with a new relationship to time. Where earlier generations had assumed that what was to come would broadly resemble what had been, the future was now radically unknowable: something to be invented and contested. Reflecting later on this new condition, Alexis de Tocqueville would capture the challenge it poses in a striking formula: "When the past no longer illuminates the future, the mind walks in darkness." In French culture, the difficulty of that negotiation is legible in the opposition between distinctively progressive figures meant to guide the people toward the future — from the "intellectuel" incarnated by Emile Zola to the "écrivain engagé" theorized by Jean-Paul Sartre — and a robust reactionary tradition that rejected modernity outright in the name of a return to the past. This course invites students to take a middle stance: to reflect on their own responsibility today by engaging in a true dialogue between past and future. We will do so through French novels, essays, and films, exploring what responsibility means across the crises that define our contemporary moment: from terrorism and the erosion of representative democracy to climate change and the upheavals induced by artificial intelligence. Taught in French.

Britney Spears. Anna Nicole Smith. Janet Jackson. We thought we knew their tragic stories; we thought they only had themselves to blame. In recent years, however, we have reappraised these maligned women and the pervasive misogyny to which they were subjected in a supposedly post-feminist era. In this seminar, we will examine the gendering of celebrity in France and its former colonies over the course of the long nineteenth century, engaging with legacies of famous women from Marie Antoinette to Aïssa Maïga. Each week, we will study conflicting depictions of a public figure, seeking to understand the structures with which commentators controlled women’s narratives—and how women in turn developed their own strategies of resistance. Drawing from a range of sources including sculptures, choreographies, films, and autobiographies, we will engage with interpretive approaches that interrogate hierarchies of memory, history, and culture. Taught in French.

The nineteenth century saw the rise of print media and professional institutions. Old-fashioned whisper networks came to be viewed suspiciously as a dangerous, “feminine” pastime for those without lives of their own. Yet the enduring popularity of gossip—in society columns, romans-à-clef, communal laundry rooms, and political caricatures—meant that informal social networks thrived, fueled by a heightened interest in the private lives of famous people. The learning goals of this class extend beyond those of textual analysis and the researched argument to media literacy. Following several scandals across a variety of sources, we will study how information was transmitted via different genres, spaces, and voices in nineteenth-century France, looking at a range of texts from broadsheets to Offenbach operettas. While reinforcing social mores, gossip also provided a means of resistance to the status quo, a way for the marginalized to reframe official narratives and point to the humanity shared across classes and identities. Taught in French.

The act or the art of lying always appears to be stigmatized. But why lie? What makes a person a liar or what exactly is an impostor ? Are they the same? It is around these questions that this course revolves. Readings from the Odyssey to Dangerous Liaisons, as well as popular series like Pretty Little Liars and documentaries, will help us understand and define this human trait. Taught in French.

The enviable “French work week,” long lunch-breaks, the numerous holidays and paid vacations come readily to mind when we think about French policies and attitudes towards work. In this course, we will focus, however, on crucial contemporary issues: unemployment, mental health and corporate culture, and the rise of so-called precarious jobs. Through French literature and film, and with a particular emphasis on representations of gender and racial disparity in certain types of precarious work (nannies, maids, security guards, and nuclear plant workers, among others), we will examine what it takes to work in France today. We will also look at how these questions are discussed in the press, and follow current events and ongoing social movements. Taught in French.

This course closely examines Francophone works of literature and film that grapple with the difficulties of promoting peace in various locations around the world today. Not only are activism and peacebuilding crucial questions in the creative texts we study, but they are also the focus of discussions that extend "beyond" the text, as we explore the efforts of writers and filmmakers to serve as advocates for positive change in very real ways. Various concepts of "engagement," as well as relationships between language and politics, are at the center of our reflections. There is a substantial theoretical component to this course, including works by French thinkers Pierre Bourdieu, Hélène Cixous, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, and Serge Margel, alongside the writings of postcolonial critics and recent publications in the area of peace studies. Taught in French.

"Francophone Migrations and Nations" examines transnational travel in a contemporary global context affected by factors ranging from climate change to genocide. We will focus on migrant movements in different Francophone settings (ranging from France to Rwanda), providing perspectives on the myriad motivations to leave one's homeland and take up residence elsewhere, and studying the subsequent challenges that migrants face in the places where they end up. Novels, short stories, articles, and a number of films will shed light on the current dynamics and profound questions that are created by migration. We will focus on issues related to language and identity in relation to larger inquiries into human rights and peace studies in a world where a sense of society and a commitment to community are uprooted and unsettled more and more by migrations that put into question the nature of the nation. The course will be taught in French.

In this course, the full title of which is Taking Liberties: From Book to Libretto, or French Literature Goes to the Opera and which is taught in French, we will be looking a series of parent texts, written originally in French, and their operatic offspring. Works include <i>The Barber of Seville</i> (Beaumarchais/Rossini); <i>The Marriage of Figaro</i> (Beaumarchais/Mozart); <i>Don Juan</i> (Molière) and <i>Don Giovanni</i> (Mozart); Manon Lescaut (Prévost/Puccini), <i>Carmen</i> (Mérimée/Bizet).

Whether we "dress for success" or wear our pajamas to the grocery store, the clothes we are putting on our body all have a meaning. Though clothes are an essential part of our everyday life, do we really stop and think about what they really signify, how they are perceived by people who look at them? In urban environments, where millions of fellow city-dwellers can scan the clothes that everyone is wearing, fashion often has a more significant meaning. Dressing up is such a mundane action we barely wonder why we do it, but shouldn't we consider this act an art? Fashion has been a crucial aspect of literature, cinema, paintings, and graphic novels. Text and textile both mediate a form of language, and fashion is indeed an idiom in itself. In this course, you will explore the representation of fashion in literature, cinema and the arts. We will dive into a range of texts, films, paintings, and graphic novels that will enable us to better grasp the importance of clothing surfaces, their meaning, implication, and significance regarding issues related to gender, social class, sexuality, and (post-) colonialism. An individual's identity, personality, and desires are both inscribed on and influenced by the clothes he or she is wearing. The large set of signs that are carried by fashion therefore constitute a closed system of signification, linked with culture itself as well as the senses. The course aims to give students an insight into a broad range of visual and textual materials, as well as to develop their analytical and critical skills. During each class, students will be asked to discuss the themes emerging from the visual and textual materials, supported by the critical readings related to them. The objective of this interdisciplinary course is also, through materials spanning across a broad variety of genres, media, places and periods, to provide the students with an open and intercultural approach of the humanities. Finally, the course aims to develop the students' awareness of their place within a globalized world in which the image of the self - often carried by clothes - is predominant. This puts into perspective the socio-political questions of gender, race, class, colonialism, and sexuality. Taught in French.

This course focuses on literary works in French that have received illustrious prizes, from the Nobel Prize to the Prix Goncourt, and it examines questions related to the prestige of publishing houses and the role of marketing techniques meant to package and sell books alongside questions of influence and imitation, and of possible accusations of plagiarism. The course’s tripartite emphasis on the ways in which authors and their textual creations are celebrated, circulated, and questioned is complemented by an analysis of how these award-winning attempts to decolonize literature in French constitute a contemporary quest with profound historical and intertextual resonances. We read literary works of a great variety, including novels by Nobel prizewinning authors Annie Ernaux (the first Frenchwoman ever to win this award in 2022) and Jean-Marie Le Clézio, Goncourt prizewinning authors Mohamed Mbougar Sarr (the first Sub-Saharan African to win this award in 2021) and Leïla Slimani, as well as works by other writers who are caught up in telling striking stories that involve intersecting understandings of the complexities of race, class, and gender that have too often been missing from the literary landscape in French.

This course involves the close study of novels, films, and essays that examine the evolving realities of refugees and migrants in the French-speaking world today. It explores what it means for so many individuals to leave their homeland behind and seek asylum in France, and it focuses on the stories of these global movements and their implications for identities, whether the protagonists wind up in Paris — or in another location, such as South Bend, Indiana. This is the first course of its kind to incorporate engagement with Francophone families who live near Notre Dame and who lack knowledge of the English language and American customs. Once every two weeks, students will meet with local refugees who speak French and need assistance with learning English as well as with a number of other aspects of life in the United States. Tutoring and providing information, as well as assisting in practical tasks like filling out forms will make up some of the activities that students participate in with refugees, but another crucial component of these interactions will entail becoming familiar with their stories and putting them to paper in creative form, in French. Listening to and valorizing the personal narratives of people from Francophone Africa will be an important aspect of the time spent with them, and hearing these oral accounts may give new resonance to the French-language books and films on our syllabus that constitute creative contemporary renditions of migration.

This course focuses on French-language films that transcend national boundaries, depicting movements - and individuals - that go beyond borders and allow us to understand how current cinematic creations are not limited to "Franco-French" actors and productions, but extend around the globe. We study a number of films that deal with questions of immigration and migration in the French context, recent films that reveal the current multicultural environment within the hexagonal space of France. We also examine films that come from the larger francophone world, from locations such as Algeria and Senegal. Assignments include brief written responses to each of the films under study, an oral presentation, two short papers, and a final paper. We will read two novels that are related to very recent films as well and explore the relationship between the written work and the cinematic creation. The goals of this course are not limited to increasing students' knowledge and understanding of the art (and the politics) of filmmaking; they are also are meant to enhance their appreciation of diverse cultural settings that interact and intersect with France in important ways in a contemporary world marked by postcolonial tensions and "globalized" transnational relations. Taught in French.

Women writers from around the world, from places as diverse as Algeria and Vietnam, Slovenia and South Korea, are currently exerting an influence on the Parisian literary landscape. These singular individuals hail from very different locations, but many of their experiences as French-language authors in the French capital are quite similar, particularly when it comes to perceptions of them as foreigners. Even if they often feel excluded and even ostracized, these writers continue to write, pouring their creative energies into innovative texts that are transforming the publishing world and adding layers of depth to what it means to be a Francophone author today. In this course, we will read a variety of publications by such women writers as Nathacha Appanah, Bessora, Hélène Cixous, Maryse Condé, Julia Kristeva, Anna Moï, Pia Petersen, Zahia Rahmani, Leïla Sebbar, Shumona Sinha, and Brina Svit. Our readings of primary texts will be complemented by a series of interviews with these authors (http://francophonemetronomes.com and an accompanying critical volume (Oxford University Press, December 2021). We will also address the process of literary and academic publishing in our discussions. Taught in French.

Blue lagoons and white sand beaches: we are all familiar with the idyllic image associated with Tahiti. But do you see the mushroom cloud in the distance? If the island’s beauty is undeniable, the depiction of Tahiti as a tropical paradise is linked to, and makes possible, a darker side: that of two centuries of French colonial occupation and three decades of atomic testing. Where, then, does this representation come from and how was it shaped? How have settler and Indigenous actors sustained and resisted this image? In this class, we will explore the complex and multifaceted representations of Tahiti and its inhabitants through both the European and the Polynesian lenses. From 18th-century philosophical reflections to 19th-century paintings and contemporary novels written by Indigenous Francophone writers, we will discuss and critically analyze the political and environmental stakes of representation in Mā’ohi Nui/French-occupied Polynesia. Taught in French.

Catastrophic floods, destructive hurricanes, record-breaking droughts: as the news and social media get saturated with apocalyptic images, the question of preserving our environment has never seemed more urgent than today. This makes sense, after all, given that we have entered what some scientists have called “the Anthropocene,” a geological epoch dominated by human-induced climate change. Yet, environmental issues have always weighed on the mind of various peoples across different times. During the Enlightenment, for instance, many philosophers criticized how industrialization further disconnected Europeans from the natural world. For enslaved people in the Caribbean, by contrast, forests became sites of cultural vitality, agency, and creativity, whether they remained on the plantations or established fugitive communities. Through a selection of films, novels, essays, poems, short stories, and graphic novels, this class will explore the place of the environment in French and Francophone fiction. Together, we will ask: what do representations of nature across multiple centuries and geographies tell us about our human condition and the societies in which we live? Taught in French.

To what extent does society determine our sense of self and our ability to act? Life, after all, is a rather universal thing: we have responsibilities to fulfill, families to take care of, and jobs to do. Yet, we do not all experience life the same way, given that we do not all face the same constraints. For many, freedom of choice feels like an illusion, as if everything had already been decided before one’s birth. Is there such a thing, then, as “social determinism”? Are we ever free to change the course of our existence, and what would it take to do so? In this class, we will explore how the more normative dimensions of society — class, gender, and race in particular — shape our lives through works of contemporary French fiction, films, and sociological essays. Together, we will ask: how might “writing the self” ultimately capture the complexity of a life — one’s own, and that of others? Taught in French.

What does it mean to paint oneself in prose? This was the great project of Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (1533-1592), a selection of whose famous essays will constitute the object of study in this course. The first essayist and arguably the first real Modern, his texts on subjects as wide-ranging as friendship and fear, as cannibals and coaches, have made him a subject of praise and controversy in equal measure. In this course, we will explore the essays themselves, but also the phenomenon that is Montaigne in French culture and beyond. Taught in English, with texts available both in French and English.

“Liberté, égalité, fraternité” — with these three words, the French motto is powerfully evocative. Born from the Revolution, France would be a nation whose commitment to justice, equality, and the universality of Human Rights constitute the bedrock of its democracy. Yet, if the revolutionary ideals have been the ideological underpinnings of the Republic for more than two centuries, France was also largely consolidated through its material investments in slavery and colonialism, a historical reality that has been consistently silenced. To what extent, then, can the fictions of universalism continue to hold in light of the past? What might it mean to bring back the imperial and racial memory of France, and think through the postcolonial stakes of its present? How might we think of race and colonialism in a country that denies the reality of both? Through a wide array of artifacts, ranging from political speeches to manifestos, paintings, movies, theoretical texts, and novels, we will explore how colonialism and race — the Republic’s “doubles” — have contributed to the development of France and French identity since the 19th century, but also how contemporary artists, authors, and activists have challenged this haunting legacy in the present. Taught in French.

Study of the evolution of literary criticism through articles, discussion, and French literature.

This course provides an overview of the emergence and evolution of writing and reading in society. It will first address the appearance of writing systems and their diffusion through the study of written media and will propose to study how reading has developed over the centuries, the place of the reader and the methods and practices of reading.

In this lecture style class, we are learning about the decline of paganism and the rise of Christianity in the late Roman Empire. In this class, the professor explains the origins and etymology of the words in French, Latin, and Greek to better contextualize some of the specialized vocabulary that we learn. She also connects our text to and suggests secondary reading from renowned French scholars on the topics taught, placing the history of the late Roman Empire in conversation with French intellectual history.

This course mixes in depth discussion with a panoramic view of Religion across the various eras of the Roman Empire. This course offers a description of polytheism, henotheism, and monotheism, and their respective places in Roman history. The professor explains the etymological roots of many of the French vocabulary we learn, tracing it back to its Greek and Latin roots. She also suggests secondary reading, and explains how the texts have been passed down and played a role in the literary tradition leading up to modern times. In this lecture style class, we are learning about the decline of paganism and the rise of Christianity in the late Roman Empire. In this class, the professor explains the origins and etymology of the words in French, Latin, and Greek to better contextualize some of the specialized vocabulary that we learn. She also connects our text to and suggests secondary reading from renowned French scholars on the topics taught, placing the history of the late Roman Empire in conversation with French intellectual history.

The course "Cultural Roots" aims to promote a general and transversal humanistic study of so-called "foundational" texts, i.e. texts linked to a linguistic, historical or cultural foundation of the our world heritage. From an interdisciplinary perspective that embraces the literary heritage of older than modern texts, this course will arouse the learner's curiosity for the study of these founding roots, while inviting him to build his own knowledge and his own knowledge Humanists.

The course starts from a literary approach to political themes based on reflective value and aesthetics of the works. This approach is supplemented by a reading in terms of moral and political philosophy. The reading method approaches the works from one point from an internal and external point of view, situates them in their historical context, finally measures their scope outside of it. The 2022 course will develop a reflection on the genre of the political fable. After a general introduction (addressing Rabelais, Boccalini, Swift, Voltaire, Orwell, Huxley), two famous collections of fables with a philosophical and ironic scope will be the center of a formal, structural and moral analysis: the 12 books of La Fontaine's Fables and the 33 chapters of Tchouang-tseu as the art of variation. In these various philosophical, satirical and didactic fables, the following double dimensions: politics/morality, lucidity/illusion, wisdom/madness, animal/human, direct/indirect allusion, irony/humor. The art of variation will be defined in different arts and different contexts.

This master's level course is focused on teaching students the general fundamentals of formal translation work. Each class focuses on key topics and skills that are often overlooked by the untrained eye (and even computer!). The course teaches anything from navigating the cultural context of one's audience to producing natural-sounding work, and is evaluated through 2 formal translations and 1 class project for a private client (work is unpaid)

This course explores modern history in France during the XVII century. The two halves of the course focus on daily life for residents in the countryside and the powers of the crown, illustrating a detailed image of religious rituals, eating habits, sanitary crises, taxes, and life in Versailles. Mode of evaluation is through a written essay (in the TD) and oral exam (in the CM) The Counter Revolution will be studied in particular to show its immediate implications, namely the religious and political resistance to the Revolution and the civil war that ravaged the West of France, known as the Vendee War. Studying the Counter Revolution will enrich the definition of the Revolution, one cannot be conceived without the other.

In this class we perform close literary analysis of texts from the XVII century. We study literary devices and how they work and function in the studies text. This class focuses on how love and courtship are presented in texts at the time. This class meets twice a week, two hours each. While the bulk of the work is written homework or essays, there is also a poetry recitation in front of the class.

This module invites students to study the French eighteenth century from a fresh and critical perspective, by addressing this periods fascination with enchantment, magic and illusions. Through this module, students will probe and eventually debunk the myth that the Enlightenment disenchanted the world.

This course focuses on French and German history throughout many eras. It is conducted in French and requires oral presentations on historical topics and an expose discussing a topic of choice.

This course is a continuation from last semester's introduction to the history of theatre. From antiquity to modern French playwrights, the course examines the origins of certain genres (most notably, tragedy and comedy) and the way their interpretation has changed according to new developments in French thought and style. The course takes a comparative approach to text analysis which helps mark the distinction between historical conceptions of catharsis, tragedy, vraisemblance, and theatrical rules, and modern French interpretations of these.

This course, taught in French, involves reading Iphigenie, participating in group exercises and scene work, and writing a short paper. Students will engage with the play's themes and experiment with staging their own version of the play.

Study of French culture through French film and philosophy. Consideration of philosophical themes through different cinematic mediums.

In novels as in poems, lyrical and tragic, love is most often fueled by obstacles and passion seems all the stronger because it is impossible and condemned. Following in the footsteps of Stendhal (and his On Love), Denis de Rougemont has shown in Love and the West this intimate and burning link between love and death, which he traces back to the 12th century and the myth of Tristan and Isolde. Cursed and unhappy lovers are in fact legions in art and literature. However, it is less this "passionate love" as such that we will be interested here than a certain type of obstacle that both exalts and prevents romantic relationships, when the prohibition weighs more particularly on the race, class or sex of the lovers.

In this class, we look at the world of Antiquity and how it relates to the downfall of democracy throughout the world today. In looking at ancient texts and political thought, we are able to link it to present day social movements such as #MeToo, to find where democracy is failing.

A study of the relationship between literature and the natural world, with an emphasis placed on French texts.

In this class, we discuss the literature and literary tradition of France from the 18th - 21st centuries. The professor introduces topics of French literary tradition to discuss in relation to modern issues. We learn about the transition between literary movements and how they correspond to major events in French history. We write essays, and do oral presentations in front of the class on a topic given by the professor.

The goals of this seminar to be held in Chile in the summer of 2022 are: to analyze Gabriela Mistral's poetic work in relation to her role as a woman poet, teacher, Latin American education reformer, Chilean woman of the first half of the twentieth century, diplomat and intellectual; to reflect on the socio-historical context in which the first Latin American woman Nobel Prize laureate and the only one to date to have achieved such a distinction arose; to investigate how Mistral's aesthetic evolution articulates and responds to political, social and economic experiences in Chile, in particular, and in Latin America, in general; to investigate how Mistral's aesthetic evolution articulates and responds to the political, social and economic experiences in Chile, in particular, and in Latin America, in general; to know and examine the identity proposals that emerge from Mistral's lyrical production, as well as the concepts of "authenticity" and "otherness", both sexual and national. Several questions will move our readings and discussions. For example, is it fruitful to speak of the autonomy of the lyric genre, what place does poetry occupy in the cultural practices of early twentieth century Latin America, how does the more "literary" genre reach the masses, what images does it create for women, children, nature, the homeland, or what does Mistral propose as an intellectual and poet for Latin American culture? Our approaches to this poetry will allow us to understand the history, culture and politics of Chile, the Southern Cone and Latin America. Students will gain a deep understanding of Mistral's development as a writer and historical subject, as well as the geopolitical history in which she writes. Students will refine their ability to think critically about literature; to this end they will receive a variety of critical and theoretical approaches. The course will combine lectures with discussions and excursions to the places where Mistral lived and worked. The language of the class is Spanish.

This course focuses on the history of the Cold War. This course offers a comprehensive examination of the Cold War from its immediate post-World War II origins to its end, with Europe as the principal object of study. Students will explore political, diplomatic, strategic, and ideological developments shaping global relations in the second half of the 20th century. It will look at the origin and evolution of the Cold War, with the session themes providing a chronological and analytical understanding of it, from the improbable peace of 1945 to the fall of Cold War structures in 1991.

Students are expected to demonstrate a strong understanding of the major political transformations shaping Europe between 1848 and 1939, including nationalism, liberalism, authoritarianism, democratization, and fascism, and situate these developments within their broader historical and political contexts.

This course, taught in French, examines how technology and materials shape elections and democratic legitimacy. Through a presentation, a final paper, and discussions, students analyze academic papers, documentaries, and case studies.

The history and law of States course is a multidisciplinary course which aims to allow students to discover the conditions in which what we call today the State imposed itself in the history of Europe as the main holder of political power, both internally and internationally. This historical process was accomplished from the same legal-political fund: the law, organization and ideology of the Roman Empire, and of the cities which composed it, elements of which the church was the conduit. , at the same time as it offered, through its government and its internal legislation, a model to the emerging States.

European integration is a historical political process that underwent a series of events and changes throughout a period of time, not something that happened automatically or suddenly. The course covers the period from 1945 to 2024. It allows us to grasp continuities and true changes throughout time, and to be in touch with current events. The course is based on active teaching, short texts, audiovisual archives, and the manual that provides a chronology and description of the events that contributed to the integration of the European Union. The dynamics of the community system are clarified by its return to the context of European societies and political cultures, the economic world and the international system. The historical perspective makes us attentive to what European integration owes to circumstances, to strategies, immediate actions and elections, thus shedding light on the parameters of decision-making current and future.

The course provides knowledge on the protection of religious freedom and the regulation of cults in our and other legal systems. With a focus on the impact of confessional regulations in the prism of state law and the interaction of identities in intercultural society. At the end of the course, the student acquires mastery of the main systems of relations between State and Churches in the world and knowledge of elements of the domestic law of the numerically most representative religious denominations and their interaction with the social context. Particular attention is consequently given to some significant case studies from an international perspective. At the end of the course, the student is able to highlight the continuous reshaping, in the local-global dynamic, of the relationship between the religious factor and legal systems, between religious orders and state orders.

This course, taught in French, examines the European Union's response to ongoing crises (from the Ukraine War to the Climate Crisis), intensified by President Trump's return in 2025. It explores the EU's efforts to maintain unity during global challenges and is taught through in-class debates, role-playing games, and intense research.

This course deals with the major issues in the sociology of elites, based on a reading and discussion of the "classic" authors who founded the analysis of : - circulation/renewal of elites - power elites and ruling classes - who governs in pluralist democracies? The acquisition of this knowledge is designed to develop a critical sense of the major simplifications (the "fault of the elites", the dictatorship of technocracy and the financial oligarchy...) put forward by part of the political class as well as certain media around the elite question. It also includes a practical application of this knowledge, via research carried out by students, through case studies of anti-elitism in France, the UK and the USA (3 Research Topics to choose from).

Some symbols perpetuate, in our collective memory, a military past that is not only glorious but directly linked to the very history of the nation. This is in no way exclusive to France, but a common reality in the age of nation-states. To shed light on this reality, the seminar will address, in a period ranging from the French Revolution to the present day, three sets of questions: 1. The problem of recruitment, that is to say the theme of the defense provided by the nation in arms, volunteering and/or conscription as schools of citizenship. 2. War as a test of the solidity of the national bond, particularly under the effect of what has been called the "totalization" of war to designate both the blurring of the distinction between military and civilians and the diversification of forces and means used in armed conflicts. 3. The army in peacetime: a society apart from society? a state within a state? Questions relating to the maintenance of order, therefore legalism, and the submission of the armed forces to civil power will be addressed there.

This course, taught in French, explores crime from a sociological perspective and focuses on how criminal behavior reflects broader social structures rather than just legal definitions. Students will examine topics like deviance, organized crime, and political violence, analyzing how crime interacts with social order, economic systems, and state power.

This course addresses the issues of propaganda and mass persuasion in the contemporary world. Propaganda, because it is a necessity for all political regimes and an essential dimension of mass persuasion, is in fact omnipresent both in authoritarian regimes and in democratic societies. Drawing on knowledge from several disciplines (history, communication, sociology, political science, social psychology, art history, neuroscience), this course puts into perspective the changes in propaganda and persuasion at work since the age of paper until the digital age using a wide variety of media (texts, still images, animated images, sounds, objects, monuments). It is based both on a theoretical approach, which leads to addressing the principles of propaganda and mass persuasion through the main reference texts, and an empirical approach, which results in the analysis of techniques and the effects of propaganda through a series of case studies. This course has a strong methodological dimension in addition to a dissertation and presentation methodology, it offers methods of understanding and critical analysis useful for understanding, in a global perspective, the modalities and techniques of the manufacture of public opinion .

This course offers an in-depth exploration of literary genres and stylistic categories in literature. It provides students with a deep theoretical and historical understanding of these classifications. It covers the relationship between literature and reality as defined by various registers, delves into the history and evolution of different genres, and examines the rules and conventions that govern them. Additionally, it challenges traditional genre boundaries, encouraging students to analyze both texts and images.

This course goes into the philosophy and history of imprisonment in France specifically. Learning about the deprivation of liberty and how certain groups have become advocates for prisoner rights in France.

To discover what constitutes a life story in the light of the events that can be going through an individual in his daily life. Identify the scientific methodology of the life story and take ownership of the process to carry out a personal approach. To understand the issues of the life story as a biographical tool, a tool for transmission and tool for the construction of self and meaning.

This course examines the political history of Islam in France from decolonization to the present, analyzing how immigration, postcolonial legacies, secularism, discrimination, and security debates have shaped French identity and state, Muslim relations.

Reading of Perraut, Grimm, and oral transcriptions of marvelous tales. Theory, analysis, and oral reading of tales.

This class will take a dive on the legal and social science approach and interaction with the issue and topic of religion. After defining how Law and Religion is a discipline and the relationship between the two, this course will divide itself into three parts. First, we will examine the topic of religion and its relationship with the law through the frameworks of history, sociology, and anthropology. It will trace the major stages of how religion is treated as an object of the social sciences and law. Secondly, we will examine the different consequences that come forth from the different frameworks by discussing international law, French law, and North American law and their interaction with religion. Finally, we will dive deeper into real life cases that will allow us to question how the previously identified are articulated there. Therefore, to conclude, we will look at legal pluralism and the dialogues between religious rights and state rights of religion.

This course offers an engaging introduction to literary research, with a focus on animal studies. It is designed in the format of a research seminar. The course encourages a blend of theoretical learning and practical application, providing a comprehensive understanding of the role of animality in literature.

This class explores the role of shame in autobiographical texts primarily through three main books and complementary texts such as Rousseau's Confessions.

This course follows the idea and meaning of Europe. Through literature from all around the world, the course attempts to define the meaning of Europe, if such a definition exists.

Supplement and extension of the course Information Theories of Communication from semester 1, with an emphasis on an approach sociological and on the theme of media. 3 objectives: To understand the major contribution of sociology to the understanding of communication and the media. To reflect on some important theoretical currents and issues in the sociology of communication and media. Understanding the world from some major debates in our contemporary societies.

The intellectual challenge and the historiographic novelty of this course lie in the change of perspective it offers - a contemporary history of France seen from its extra-European extensions which constitute the overseas territories of the Republic. It will thus be a question of revisiting significant moments - social, political, economic and cultural - to grasp the history of national construction in a different way. In this sense, this course is part of the abundant renewal of a history of France, thought beyond the limits of France and articulated to a history of colonial and imperial fact.

The course aims to understand how sociology accounts for economic phenomena by showing in particular that economic action is embedded in concrete and complex systems of social relations. Economic sociology in France: a school? (Karl Polanyi, Alain Caille, Jean-Louis Laville, Bernard Eme, Guy Roustant, Luc Boltanski...) The sociology of economic behavior (Max Weber, Marcel Mauss, Maurice Godelier, Pierre Bourdieu).

Begging families on the street, adolescents selling hashish or cigarettes on the sly, young people engaging in prostitution, undocumented migrants working in kitchens, on construction sites, or in agriculture: since the Syrian conflict and the collapse of Libya, these scenes have multiplied in large cities. In Beirut, Istanbul, Algiers, Athens, Palermo, Barcelona, Paris, and Stockholm, these situations reflect the social consequences of migration policies, reception policies (asylum, social and economic integration), and labor relations that are rarely made explicit. This course is based on a so-called "bottom-up" field approach in order to measure the social and societal effects of public policies differently. To illustrate this method, it will rely on various visible situations linked to migration: the reemergence of shantytowns, the increase in unaccompanied minors wandering, etc., in order to analyze the sociological mechanisms at work within migrant groups, host societies, and countries of origin. The aim of this method is to use tools from social science research to be able to evaluate and then propose improvements to existing policies and measures. It is an introduction to action research based on a shared field diagnosis that facilitates the acceptance of change and social innovation.

While security is currently one of the major concerns for many French people, this course aims to present to students the main issues relating to public internal security policies in France. After an exhaustive presentation of the players in this sector (national police and gendarmerie, municipal police, firefighters, private security agents in particular), the missions assigned to them and the challenges facing them at the start of the 21st century will be discussed. century. The objective is to enable everyone to identify the main issues relating to internal security in France, to reflect on them in a calm manner, and to develop a constructed and factual argument about this highly sensitive societal issue.

This seminar introduces students to contemporary French poetry through close readings, creative workshops, and critical reflection, emphasizing poetry as a living practice of expression, experimentation, and engagement with the world.

Students will complete an internship in the country of their choice, working in the target language. Students who participate in the program will: -Increase their marketability in a competitive job market by developing unique skills including intercultural communication, language skills, and other skills that cannot be directly taught in the classroom -Build an international network of contacts in their chosen field -Develop interpersonal skills in addition to the technical skills necessary to compete in a global market -Learn to communicate effectively in a professional setting with people from other languages and cultures

Specialized reading related to the student's area of study.

This course may cover an in-depth study of a particular author, theme, genre, or century. In addition to primary texts, some critical material will be required reading. This course culminates in a substantial research paper.